Slow: Slogging Through My Eastern European Maternal Research

When I first started doing genealogy in 2010, I basically picked up where my aunt left off:  basically on my paternal line via my grandfather.  You can see the fruits of that research in my early blog posts!  With the low-hanging fruit of French-Canadian records, historical newspapers, and Massachusetts records, my father’s line was relatively easy and gratifying to research.

My mom’s side, however, is Polish and Lithuanian, and Eastern European research is notoriously tricky with its fluid spellings and border changes and resulting changes in home country names.  My mom would nag me a bit to make some progress on her side of the family, but it was hard as a relatively new researcher!  

Ethnicity estimate, showing which parent which part of my background comes from! Courtesy Ancestry.com

All the experts advise to start with what you know.  I knew what my mom and my aunt told me, which was basically the names of all their aunts, uncles and cousins on both sides of the family.  Finding the records to corroborate these was an exercise in really learning surname variations, and occasionally first name variations!  For these, I mostly looked on FamilySearch.  City directories were also very helpful for my Markoski line, since I looked at them the old-fashioned way, by finding the pages they’d likely be on rather than by exact spelling.

Learning about the site New York State Historical Newspapers was helpful for my Biliunas and especially my Valek lines.  I learned the name of my great-great grandfather (Adam Valek) through the newspapers!  And free weekends on Newspapers.com gave me a ton of local information on the Markoskis in Massachusetts.

Before they became available on FamilySearch, I sent away for my John Biliunas’ naturalization paperwork from Suffolk County; unfortunately all I got was the Declaration of Intention, but that was a good place to start once the records did come online.  The Lithuanian Genealogy group on Facebook helped decode the writing on his World War I draft registration that named his hometown!

With the Markoskis, it was a few years after starting to research that I came to the decision to take it slowly, carefully, and to examine each little piece of evidence.  This is what led to my blog series, starting with this post.  Where it didn’t crack anything wide open for me, it gave me a more intimate understanding of that side of the family.

And of course, time played a role as well.  Reclaim the Records brought the New York State and New York City vital records indexes online, which eventually led to New York City posting birth, marriage and death certificates online as well.  I also started taking a second look at what I already knew and found things I’d overlooked before, like the original spelling of the Valeks’ last name.  And most importantly, I’ve met with my aunt a few times in recent years to scan a boatload of photos and hear many family stories behind them – priceless!

While it sounds like I’ve made a load of progress (which I have!), this has happened slowly with stops and starts over the course of thirteen years, and the learning still continues.

New to You: The Other John Biliunas

This past summer, I met with my aunt to scan more family photos that she inherited from my maternal grandmother (her mother).  Many of the photos were from the 1920s and 1930s for the Biliunas and Valek families.  There were several photos that introduced a new character:  “Uncle John” Biliunas.  My aunt had no idea who he was, so I was commissioned to get answers!  I figured he’d make perfect fodder for this week’s “New to You” theme.

Left photo is Uncle John in his Dodge. This car has popped up a few times! Author’s collection.

This John (who was NOT my great-grandfather) inspired so many questions:  Who exactly was he?  How is he related to my great-grandfather?  Were they brothers?  If so, why in the world would they have the same first name?  One thing I knew for sure:  there were at least two John Biliunases in Suffolk County, NY.  When I was searching for the naturalization paperwork for my great-grandfather, I encountered the other John in my search hits, but had ignored him at the time.  That’s where I’d start my search.

“Uncle John” Biliunas. Author’s collection.

I pulled the naturalization paperwork for the other John.  His full name was John George Biliunas, with his passenger name being “Joris Byluno”.  He was born in June 1889 and naturalized in 1936, about ten years after my John.  I got really lucky with the Declaration of Intention:  it included a photograph; John George was Uncle John!

John George Biliunas, from Declaration of Intention. Courtesy of FamilySearch/

I started with other searches on John George.  Like my great-grandfather John Peter, he married a widow named Anna in Brooklyn, NY.  They married on February 3, 1929, and the marriage certificate mentioned John George’s parents:  Jonas Bilunas and Barbara Vanekunas.  John Peter’s parents were Anton Biliunas and Mary Zrnsis.  So these guys were definitely not brothers, but I can’t ascertain their relationship at this time.  I strongly suspect that they might be cousins; maybe my grandmother and her siblings just called him “uncle”, since he was older?

Due to all the spelling variations of Biliunas (12 that I know of so far), I found it difficult to find John George easily in the US Census and impossible to find in NYS Historic Newspapers.  I don’t know what ultimately became of him, Anna, and their son Robert.  Based on my aunt’s lack of knowledge of him, I suspect that he was not as connected to my great-grandparents by the 1940s.

I do wonder about his original first name “Joris”.  I recently saw a spreadsheet on Facebook that listed a bunch of first names in Lithuanian and what they may be known as in English.  I knew that “John” was often “Jonas”, then I saw that “George” could originally be “Jurgis”.  Maybe he often went by a variation of his middle name, like many people do.

Speaking of Jurgis Biliunas, there were a couple of photos that were identified as my great-grandfather’s “brother Jurgis”…but are they really his brother, or are they actually John George?  Take a look!

Jurgis Biliunas. Author’s collection.

Textile: Family Needlework

In 2020, I didn’t get a lot of genealogy work done, but I did turn my attention to cross-stitch, as noted on this post.  I’ve been interested in needlework since junior high school, where we had a Needlework Club.  Since then I’ve dabbled in needlepoint, crewel, embroidery, bargello, latch-hook and cross-stitch.  My interest must be genetic, because I find examples of needlework on both sides of my family, especially my maternal side.

Viola Markoski lace. Author’s collection.
Eva Atwell laces: top and left; Viola Markoski lace, right. Author’s collection.

I’ve written about how my great-grandmother Eva (Lipsett) Atwell would tat lace.  My maternal grandmother Viola (Biliunas) Markoski also made lace via crochet; but her talents extended to crocheting afghans and Christmas ornaments, making plastic canvas needlepoint pictures and ornaments and stitching beautiful crewel pictures.  (She would help me out in my struggle with French knots!)  Her husband Bruno Markoski took up the needle in his retirement years, working with her to make intricate pieces of a plastic canvas Christmas village that they would sell at a local craft shop.  He even took some time to make latch-hook rugs, one of which I still have.

Bruno Markoski latch-hook rug. Author’s collection.

Their daughters also dabbled in needlework, like free-form cross-stitch and quilting.  My mom had gone through quite the quilt phase during my early teen years, experimenting with different patterns and getting rid of some outgrown or worn out clothing from the 1970s.  Some looked like very traditional quilts, but the one that I inherited looks very groovy!

My mom’s groovy quilt. Author’s collection.

For me, I found that needlework was a good way to be creative, keep my hands busy and even soothe the nerves.  I’m sure my forebears found that to be true as well!

Crewel by Viola Markoski. Author’s collection.
Plastic canvas gingerbread house by Viola Markoski. Author’s collection.

Food & Drink: Kugeli from Lithuania

This week’s #52Ancestors theme is “Food & Drink”.  There are so many dishes that remind me of my parents and grandparents, but I thought I’d share a recipe with deeper roots:  Kugeli (also called “kugelis”), which is a potato dish from Lithuania.  Wikipedia calls it a pudding, but I think of it more like a loaf, like meatloaf.  I suppose that all depends on what kind of dish you bake it in.

Kugeli, or Kugelis. Courtesy Wikipedia.

This is my mom’s recipe.  She probably got it from her mom (Viola (Biliunas) Markoski), who may have gotten it from her mom (Anna (Valek)(Urnezis) Biliunas).  I’ve made it a couple times and have to say it can taste kind of bland, though there are recipes that call for bacon in it.  (Bacon makes everything better, doesn’t it?). 

Kugeli

Grate 6 large potatoes & drain off juice.  Scald about ¾ cup milk & pour over potatoes.  Beat 2 eggs well & add to potatoes and milk.  Fry one onion in salt pork or butter and add.

Add salt, pepper & ¼ cup cream of wheat.  Mix well.  Turn into buttered casserole.

Bake in preheated 425 oven for about 1 hour.

Joined Together: More Than a Marriage Record

You may have heard about New York City Municipal Archive’s recent release of vital records, which probably partly came about by pressure from Reclaim the Records.  Well this was exciting news to me, since I have several people in my family tree who were married in NYC.  The first couple I wanted to find were my great-grandparents, John and Anna (Valek/Urnezis) Biliunas.  Let’s start with some background first.  

Since I last wrote about Anna, I’ve made a few discoveries about her marital life.  Again thanks to Reclaim the Records’ publication of indexes of New York vital records on the Internet Archive, I discovered that her first husband, Anton Urnezis, died on July 15, 1913.  According to an article in the local paper, he had fallen off his motorcycle earlier in the month, but seemed to be well enough to get back to work the next day.  However his invisible injuries caught up with him, and he fell ill and died.  

Anna (Valek) Urnezis; probably 1913 after she was widowed. Author’s collection.

It was only four months later that Anna married my great-grandfather John Biliunas.  Stories from my aunt seemed to indicate that Anna and John knew each other for a while, since the Lithuanian community in the Riverhead area was very close.  Here she was, a 27 year old widow with two young children and two farm properties to manage.  John was a handsome and capable single man with no local attachments, and almost every picture I’ve seen of him, he had a smile on his face.  My aunt says that this marriage was “for love”.  

John Biliunas. Author’s collection.

So on November 23, 1913 in Brooklyn, Kings County, NY, Anna and John married. For a while that’s all I knew, and my aunt later told me that the Valek family had a number of friends that lived in Brooklyn.  Perhaps that’s why my great-grandparents wed there.

Well, when the vital records came out, I had to pull their marriage certificate.  Through some fits and starts, my Twitter friend Áine Donnghaile (who specializes in NYC research) found the record and sent it to me!  Here it is:

John Biliunas – Anna Urnezis marriage certificate, November 23, 1913. Courtesy New York City Municipal Archives.

You can see that Anna’s brother Joseph and brother-in-law Martin Aksten were witnesses.  Also, the certificate names St. Ann’s as the place they got married!  Now, there are several St. Ann’s in Brooklyn today, but none of them were Catholic churches.  I did a little digging and found a St. Ann’s Catholic Church in the Vinegar Hill section of Brooklyn that was torn down in 1992.  

Digging further, I found out that Vinegar Hill had been predominantly Irish for many years, but according to Wikipedia, “[b]efore and following the First World War and the great migration of people from Eastern Europe to the United States, Vinegar Hill became predominantly a neighborhood of Lithuanian immigrants, reaching 75% by the 1930 Census.”  This church had to be the one, despite Wikipedia’s claim that the Irish in that church didn’t welcome the Lithuanians.  Everything fits.

So putting together this information with what my aunt told me about the location of the family’s associates, I have a new location to research regarding my Valek family prior to their move to Long Island.  

Worship: Potential Road Trip

This week’s #52Ancestors prompt is “Worship”, which reminds me of my recent desire to go on a road trip to visit some of the churches of my ancestors.  I may not be able to worship at those locations, due to my own time constraints, but I’d love to at least see those churches in person to make that spiritual and ancestral connection.

Where exactly would I go?  As I compiled a list of churches for this post, I came up with SO MANY churches; some more than practically can be visited.  So I decided to just list those in driving distance and of course are still standing.  Let’s call it my trip planner!  Keep in mind that many of these churches are not the original buildings (though some are!), nor are they the same names that they had back in the day.  Also, I’m probably missing some ancestors and places, but these were my “low hanging fruit”.

Courtesy Wikipedia.

Church:  Center Church on the Green

Location:  New Haven, CT

Ancestral families:  Hitchcock

Courtesy Google Earth.

Church:  First Congregational Church

Location:  Guilford, CT  (I’ve driven past this church before but did not stop.)

Ancestral families:  Scranton, Dudley, Bishop, Seward, Norton

Author’s collection.

Church:  Church of Christ

Location:  Durham, CT

Ancestral families:  Scranton, Seward, Strong

Courtesy Wikipedia.

Church:  First Baptist Church in America (this one is kind of my (pardon the pun) holy grail of churches)

Location:  Providence, RI

Ancestral families:  Williams, Olney, Wescott, Hearnden (probably)

Courtesy Wikipedia.

Church:  First Parish Church Dorchester

Location:  Boston, MA (Dorchester area)

Ancestral families:  Billings, Hill, Pomeroy

By Brian Corr (Bcorr at French Wikipedia) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1665651

Church:  First Church in Roxbury

Location:  Roxbury, MA

Ancestral families:  Bass, Newell

Courtesy Wikipedia.

Church:  First Parish Church of Dover

Location:  Dover, NH

Ancestral families:  Tuttle

By Doug Kerr – Flickr: Kittery Point, Maine, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15735430

Church:  First Congregational Church

Location:  Kittery, ME

Ancestral families:  Goodwin (and probably many others)

Church:  First Church of Christ

Location:  Northampton, MA

Ancestral families:  Bartlett, Strong, Ford, King, Pomeroy, Stebbins

By dms1788 – Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27881246

Church:  First Church of Christ (Congregational)

Location:  Springfield, MA

Ancestral families:  Stebbins

Church:  First Church of Windsor

Location:  Windsor, CT

Ancestral families:  Pomeroy, Ford, Strong

By Beyond My Ken – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27387662

Church:  Clinton Avenue Congregational Church (now Church of St. Luke & St. Matthew)

Location:  Brooklyn, NY

Ancestral families:  Pleau (my grandfather & his parents were only in this area for three years, but it’s so nearby!)

Courtesy Google Earth.

Church:  St. John the Evangelist

Location:  Riverhead, NY

Ancestral families:  Valek

Courtesy Google Earth.

Church:  Sacred Heart Church

Location:  Cutchogue, NY

Ancestral families:  Biliunas

Courtesy Google Earth.

Church:  Our Lady of Good Counsel

Location:  Mattituck, NY

Ancestral families:  Biliunas (my maternal grandparents were married here)

Maternal-Side Christmas: Christmas Eve

My maternal grandparents (Bruno and Viola (Biliunas) Markoski) lived on the other side of the state, so I don’t think I ever saw them at Christmas time. However, my mom carried on the Polish tradition of pierogies on Christmas Eve.

Being good Catholics, we were not to eat meat on Christmas Eve, so the Polish often made pierogies for dinner. Folks would later ask me, “Were they stuffed with potatoes?” I’d never heard of such a thing! My mom’s family made their pierogies stuffed with farmer’s cheese (which is kind of like ricotta) or kapusta (a sauerkraut mixture). (Personally, I prefer the cheese-stuffed pierogies slathered with melted butter spooned over them!)

Cheese pierogies on the top, kapusta on the bottom! Author’s collection.

Both my sisters have made pierogies, as well as a few of my first cousins on that side of the family (as reported on Facebook). Me? I do have my mom’s recipe, but I’ve never made them. Maybe someday! For now, I’m enjoying everyone else’s!

My side of the family continues this cooking tradition, as well as opening presents on Christmas Eve. It all started with our opening the gifts from our parents on Christmas Eve (which included the obligatory matching jammies that we’d put on that night), then Santa gifts on Christmas Day. As we got older, the Santa gifts faded away, and we were just left with Christmas Eve. Usually, we had the Mormon Tabernacle Choir singing classics in the background as each of us took turns opening our gifts. When my dad was alive, and if we were really lucky, he’d play some Christmas songs on the cornet. He had a really awesome tone! (And yes, I would say he inherited his musicality from his ancestors!)

We continue these traditions to this day on the years we have Christmas with my side of the family. For my own family (husband and kids), we have our own presents on Christmas morning as well as a yummy Christmas dinner on a table with Great-grandmother Bertha’s tablecloth and my aunt Cheryl’s silverware set that Great-grandmother Eva gave her.

U-Turn: Great-grandfather John Biliunas

Way back when I wrote about my great-grandfather, I included a snippet from his World War I draft registration that stated his place of birth. For the life of me, I couldn’t figure out what it said, whether it began with an N or a V.

Portion of John Biliunas’ Draft Registration. Courtesy Ancestry.com.

Well, it turns out that it begins with an S! (If you look really carefully, you can see the very, very light line of the cursive S.) What I did was post that snippet on the Lithuanian Global Genealogy Facebook group, and someone was able to answer me right away. Apparently, the name of the town is Siauliai (I guess it has various spellings, including Siaule), which is in the northern portion of Lithuania and is the fourth largest city in Lithuania.

Cathedral of Siauliai. Courtesy of Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=81090)

Now, whether John was actually born in Siuliai or in a nearby village, I don’t know. I have yet to order his naturalization paperwork which may give me more information, but that is on my To Do List this year.

The House on Herricks Lane

All these years, I believed that my great-grandparents John and Anna Biliunas just lived on some nondescript potato farm in Riverhead, New York. Little did I know that it was so much more!

Recently my maternal uncle and I were exchanging emails and he was giving me various pieces of information that I could follow up on for our family history. He told me that he thought he saw somewhere that the Biliunas house was on the National Register of Historic Places. WHAT??

Off to Google I went, and found this link. So it was true! The house, at 733 Herricks Lane, was listed as the “Hallock-Bilunas Farmstead” and on the National Register as of 2003 (#03000251). Searching on the address, I found that it operated as a bed & breakfast for 14 years in the early part of this century. The best search result was this article about when it went up for sale in 2012, because it showed pictures of the rooms inside! (Oh, that kitchen!)

Hallock-Bilunas Farmstead. Courtesy Wikimedia Commons.

The article also gave some good historical background of the house, but also threw me for a bit of a loop with this sentence: “The Herricks Lane land belonged to Lemuel B. Hallock, and was later sold in 1940 to John Bilunas, a potato farmer.” This directly contradicted my original finding in a 1912 newspaper that Mary Hallock sold the farm to Anton Urnezis (Anna’s first husband, who died within the next couple of years). The U.S. Census always showed the Biliunas’s on Herricks Lane; so what was the story?

Fortunately, there are many Long Island newspapers online through New York Historic Newspapers. I didn’t find anything under John Biliunas’ name regarding a transfer of land at any time. What I did find was Lemuel Hallock’s obituary in The County Review dated March 17, 1938! (So Lemuel was obviously dead before this supposed selling of the farm.)

I did have the correct Lemuel: the obituary talked about him having lived on Herricks Lane. It also provided key information: he did have a wife named Mary and they lived in Mattituck “for the past 26 years” (which coincides with the 1912 sale of the farm). I wondered how Mary would have been the one to sell the farm. The 1912 newspaper stated it was sold by “Hallock, Mary &ano.”; obviously she was not the only person on the sales side. So why wouldn’t the sale have been “Lemuel &ano.”? I think one key fact in the obituary may lend a clue: Lemuel was deaf! Perhaps Mary, being able to hear, carried out the transaction on behalf of both of them.

So where would the 1940 date have come from? The only thing I can think of is perhaps that is when the mortgage on the farm was paid off; the time frame certainly makes sense. In any case, this ancestral home is a historical site (although not open to the public). That is pretty cool.

Great-Grandmother Anna M. (Valek) Urnezis Biliunas

Anna M. Valek was born on May 30, 1887 in Lithuania. To my knowledge, she was the eldest daughter and third of Adam and Elisabeth Valek’s children.

Different censuses place the year of Anna’s immigration anywhere between 1897 and 1900. I strongly suspect that the year was 1899, when other members of her family immigrated (her father was the first to come over in May 1893). Family legend says that Anna came through Ellis Island, but I have yet to find the ship manifest with her name on it. What I really need to do is research her brothers’ naturalization records to get more possible information on her arrival.

Another family legend is that Anna married her first husband, Anton “Tony” Urnezis, at the age of thirteen. I have not been able to confirm this one way or another. They were likely married in advance of their first child, John (known as Jack), born in 1908. Anna Marie (who later went by Ann) was born on August 31, 1910. There may have been a third child; the only Urnezis who I’d found on Find-a-Grave in the Riverhead area is Joseph Urnezis (born May 24, 1912, died October 15, 1912), who is buried at the Sacred Heart Cemetery in Cutchogue – the same cemetery that Anna’s second husband John Biliunas was later interred in. Personally, I think this is too much of a coincidence to discount him as a possible child, but right now I have no definitive evidence that he was born to Anna and Tony.

Although Anna’s parents were already established in Riverhead by the 1910 Census, it seems that the Urnezis family didn’t purchase land their until early 1912. Tony bought the Herrick Lane/Sound Avenue from a Mary Hallock. This farm is supposedly where Tony had a fatal accident; I don’t know what or when exactly, but of course it was before Anna re-married.

Anna as a young woman (wasn’t she beautiful?). Author’s collection

In my previous post, I’d covered Anna and John Biliunas’s children, as well as John’s naturalization. I’d always wondered if Anna’s citizenship hinged on John’s status. After all, in the 1925 New York Census, John stated that he had “filed papers” and Anna noted “same as husband”. However, in 1922 the United States passed the “Cable Act”, which stated that women could gain citizenship on their own. She would not have to file a declaration of intention (which explains why there is no paperwork filed with Suffolk County), yet she is counted as a citizen by 1930 and did eventually obtain a Social Security Number. I’m not sure exactly how it would have worked with her citizenship – she did not seem to be naturalized with her husband. This definitely would require some offline research.

Anna was widowed once again in 1948. I don’t know how long she stayed at the farm, but I do know that she purchased land on Bay Avenue in Mattituck, Suffolk County, NY near the beach in 1950. I believe that her son Jack eventually moved there (he definitely lived on Bay Avenue by the 1970s) and I believe she lived with him toward the end of her life. And when was that, you ask? Anna died in April 1983 in Mattituck; yes, she was pushing 100! Although I was a full-grown eighteen years old when she died, I never got the opportunity to meet her. I can only hope she knew that a great-granddaughter would have loved to meet her!

Anna in June 1964. Author’s collection.